谈悬吊训练在篮球运动员体能训练中的应用     

黎伟军  曹洁 《湖北体育科技》2010,29(5):543-544

核心力量训练作为篮球运动中较新的体能训练观念正在逐渐被重视。通过探索悬吊训练手段方法在篮球运动员的体能训练中的应用,帮助运动员提高体能素质和竞技水平。  相似文献   

体育科学实验研究设计10个常见问题及对策     

张连成 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(5):115-120

摘要：实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一，更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂，是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的，总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题，包括：研究设计缺乏理论依据，系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理，实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆，单因素设计替代多因素设计，非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则，重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差，缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低，研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差，实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响，实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响，进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。  相似文献   

超高强铝合金的回顾与展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宁爱林  曾苏民  莫亚武  罗玉梅 《邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2003,2(5):90-92

综述了超高强铝合金的三个发展阶段，评述了超高强铝合金的熔体净化技术和强韧化技术，并对其发展趋势进行了展望．  相似文献   

浅谈女子竞技健美操力量训练方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐胜 《广东技术师范学院学报》2004,(6):108-110

竞技健美操对力量素质的要求越来越高 ,它已成为决定运动成绩的主要因素之一 ,本文就女子竞技健美操运动员在力量训练中手段的选择以及上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹力量训练的方法和注意事项进行了论述 .  相似文献   

Force–velocity property of leg muscles in individuals of different level of physical fitness     

Ivan Cuk  Dragan Mirkov  Aleksandar Nedeljkovic  Milos Kukolj  Dusan Ugarkovic 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(2):207-219

The present study explored the method of testing muscle mechanical properties through the linear force–velocity (F–V) relationships obtained from loaded vertical jumps. Specifically, we hypothesised that the F–V relationship parameters depicting the force, power, and velocity of the tested muscles will differ among individuals of different physical fitness. Strength trained, physically active, and sedentary male participants (N = 10 + 10 + 10; age 20–29 years) were tested on maximum countermovement and squat jumps where manipulation of external loads provided a range of F and V data. The observed F–V relationships of the tested leg muscles were approximately linear and mainly strong (median correlation coefficients ranged from 0.77 to 0.92; all p < 0.05), independently of either the tested group or the jump type. The maximum power revealed higher values in the strength trained than in the physically active and sedentary participants. This difference originated from the differences in F-intercepts, rather than from the V-intercepts. We conclude that the observed parameters could be sensitive enough to detect the differences among both the individuals of different physical fitness and various jump types. The present findings support using loaded vertical jumps and, possibly, other maximum performance multi-joint movements for the assessment of mechanical properties of active muscles.  相似文献   

Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance     

Eric T. Trexler  Erica J. Roelofs  Katie R. Hirsch  Meredith G. Mock 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):702-710

Caffeine and coffee are widely used among active individuals to enhance performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of acute coffee (COF) and caffeine anhydrous (CAF) intake on strength and sprint performance. Fifty-four resistance-trained males completed strength testing, consisting of one-rep max (1RM) and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 80% of 1RM for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Participants then completed five, 10-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by one minute of rest. Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) were recorded for each sprint. At least 48 hours later, participants returned and ingested a beverage containing CAF (300?mg flat dose; yielding 3–5?mg/kg bodyweight), COF (8.9?g; 303?mg caffeine), or placebo (PLA; 3.8?g non-caloric flavouring) 30 minutes before testing. LP 1RM was improved more by COF than CAF (p?=?.04), but not PLA (p?=?.99). Significant interactions were not observed for BP 1RM, BP RTF, or LP RTF (p?>?.05). There were no sprint?×?treatment interactions for PP or TW (p?>?.05). 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant improvement in sprint 1 TW for CAF, but not COF or PLA. For PLA, significant reductions were observed in sprint 4 PP, sprint 2 TW, sprint 4 TW, and average TW; significant reductions were not observed with CAF or COF. Neither COF nor CAF improved strength outcomes more than PLA, while both groups attenuated sprint power reductions to a similar degree. Coffee and caffeine anhydrous may be considered suitable pre-exercise caffeine sources for high-intensity exercise.  相似文献   

How much does lower body strength impact Paralympic running performance?     

E. M. Beckman  M. J. Connick  S. M. Tweedy 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):669-676

Objectives: Development of evidence-based methods of Paralympic classification requires research quantifying the relative strength of association between ratio-scaled measures of impairment and athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which muscle strength affects running performance in runners with and without brain impairment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants were 41 male runners: 13 with brain impairments (RBI) and 28 non-disabled (NDR). All participants completed a maximal 60-m sprint and a novel battery of three lower limb isometric strength tests. Results: RBI showed significantly lower strength scores compared with NDR on the more affected side in leg flexion (176 vs. 243?N), leg extension (993 vs. 1661?N) and plantarflexion (824 vs. 1457?N). Significant differences were also seen on the less affected side in plantarflexion (1072 vs. 1508?N). RBI were significantly slower in the acceleration phase (0–15?m) (3.2?s?±?0.3?vs. 2.8?s?±?0.2) and top speed phase (30?60?m) (4.3?s?±?0.6?vs. 3.8?s?±?0.3). Correlation analysis showed stronger relationships between strength and running performance in RBI than NDR; however, the correlations were not significant. Conclusions: This study evaluated measures to assess strength for the purposes of classification and found that the measures were significantly different in RBI compared with NDR indicating the tests were able to capture strength impairment in this population. This study indicates that strength may be an important impairment type to assess in this population, as impairments of muscle strength may influence the outcome of running performance in athletes with more severe impairments.  相似文献   

Physical activity profiles and selected muscular fitness variables in English schoolchildren: A north–south divide?     

Lee Ingle  Ashlie Stephenson  Gavin R. Sandercock 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1187-1196

The aim of the study was to compare and contrast habitual physical activity (PA) profiles and muscular fitness in schoolchildren from northern and southern regions of England. Data were collected from two secondary schools in the north east (NE) of England. The study procedures followed methods employed by the East of England Healthy Hearts Study in 10–16-year-old boys and girls based in the south east (SE) region of England and data were compared. Habitual physical activity (PAQ-A), vertical jump test, and hand-grip (HG) strength were assessed. We converted raw scores from all assessments to age- and sex-normalised z-scores. We recruited 597 children (58% boys) in the NE and compared findings to 597 age- and sex-matched boys and girls from the SE. Boys in the SE had significantly stronger HG scores, jumped higher, were more powerful (mean peak power: 2131?W vs. 1782?W; P?P?P?相似文献   

Low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation induces significant increases in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness     

Toshiaki Miyamoto  Hiroyuki Kamada  Akira Tamaki  Toshio Moritani 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1104-1110

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

钢结构材料在高温(火灾)条件下的力学性能试验研究     

魏瑞演 《福建工程学院学报》2002,(1)

从基本的钢结构材料在高温下的力学性能着手 ,进行高温条件下钢结构材料的性能试验 ,建立高温下钢材的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量和极限应变随温度变化的力学模型 ,为高温 (火灾 )条件下钢结构的结构分析提供依据。  相似文献